All posts by Ed Tittel

Full-time freelance writer, researcher and occasional expert witness, I specialize in Windows operating systems, information security, markup languages, and Web development tools and environments. I blog for numerous Websites, still write (or revise) the occasional book, and write lots of articles, white papers, tech briefs, and so forth.

Fixing WinKey+X Menu Change

The Win+X menu — that little power‑user gem tucked behind the Start button — is a Windows feature you don’t think about much until it breaks. When it does, the symptoms can be maddening: missing entries, wrong icons, dead shortcuts, or menu items that don’t launch. I recently went through a repair of the Win+X system on my production desktop. That process revealed just how many layers contribute to this simple menu. Here’s a recap of how the issue was resolved in fixing WinKey+X menu change.

Getting Started: Fixing WinKey+X Menu Change

The first clue was that the Win+X menu wasn’t launching Windows Terminal correctly. Instead of opening a PowerShell or Terminal instance, it either did nothing or threw an error. That pointed to a problem in the Win+X shortcut groups. These reside beneath the user profile at:
%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\Windows\WinX

Windows organizes these shortcuts into GroupN folders (N = 1-3). Group3 is where Terminal and PowerShell entries live. When I opened that folder, those shortcuts were either missing or pointing to stale AppX registrations. This can happen after uninstalling or repairing Windows Terminal, or some profile migration wherein AppX package identities change.

Making Shortcuts Happen…

The next step meant rebuilding shortcuts manually. Windows Terminal doesn’t include .lnk files. Hence, I created fresh ones by right‑clicking the desktop and choosing New → Shortcut, and pointing them at the program. It lives under WindowsApps and includes current version info in its actual filename.

Because Windows Terminal’s AppX path changes with every update, hard‑coding its location isn’t smart. Thus, I used the stable execution alias: wt.exe

Once the shortcut was created, I renamed it to match canonical Win+X naming conventions:
Windows Terminal.lnk
Windows Terminal (Admin).lnk

Then I moved them into the Group3 folder. At this point, the shortcuts existed, but they were MIA on the menu. That’s because Win+X system caches entries and doesn’t refresh automatically. I forcibly rebuilt that cache by signing out and back in. After the next login, the menu finally displayed the new Terminal entries — but the icons were wrong.

What About Them Icons?

This led to the next discovery: Windows Terminal’s icon is stored inside its AppX manifest, not in a traditional .ico file. To fix them, I edited each shortcut’s properties and pointed the icon field to the stable Windows Terminal executable under Program Files. That exposed the correct embedded icon. Once updated, Win+X  displayed the proper visuals.

The final step was cleaning up legacy entries. A repaired Microsoft Account caused Windows to resurrect old Win+X shortcuts from a now-defunct installation. Removing stale .lnk files from Group3 eliminated duplicates and restored the menu to a clean state.

By the end of the trail, Win+X worked again: correct icons, correct commands, and a clean set of shortcuts that launch reliably. The repair reinforced something I’ve seen before in Windows troubleshooting . A system often holds onto old paths, old identities, and old assumptions long after underlying components change or go away. Fixing things means understanding where Windows stores its info, and updating each layer one by one.

If your Win+X menu ever starts acting strangely, a careful rebuild of Group3 shortcuts may be exactly what brings it back to life. Here in Windows-World you can always try. It might work. And if it doesn’t, there’s always something else to try instead.

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WinGet Weirdness Finally Whacked

Every once in a while, Windows throws you a problem so strange, so deep in the plumbing, that you can’t help but treat it like a spelunking adventure. Over the past week, I’ve worked through one of those rare cases. Copilot ultimately helped diagnose it as a completely broken WinGet (aka Microsoft.AppInstaller) stack. Apparently, it came from corruption inside the WindowsApps directory. That’s the protected, TrustedInstaller‑owned home for all MSIX/AppX packages. I worked through a recovery  process that touched ACLs, reparse points, Safe Mode, user‑level activation, and the PATH environment itself. Ultimately and fortunately, it ended with WinGet weirdness finally whacked.

Getting to WinGet Weirdness Finally Whacked

The symptoms were deceptively simple: WinGet wasn’t recognized, App Installer wouldn’t register, and the user‑level WindowsApps folder lacked key shims. Alas, the root cause was far deeper. The system‑level C:\Program Files\WindowsApps directory had partially corrupted ACLs, preventing enumeration that blocked TrustedInstaller from working. Even elevated tools couldn’t see its innards.

The breakthrough came in Safe Mode, where Windows releases some of its usual locks. Using takeown and icacls, I forcibly reclaimed ownership and permissions long enough to inspect the directory. Hundreds of previously invisible entries suddenly appeared — confirmation that the ACL choke point had finally broken open.

From there, I rebuilt the directory’s security model: restoring SYSTEM and TrustedInstaller with full control, removing inheritance, and returning ownership to TrustedInstaller. With the system-level store healthy, I exited Safe Mode (after discovering that msconfig, not BCD, was trapping the machine there) and rebooted into normal Windows.

Repairing WinGet/Microsoft.AppInstaller

Next came the App Installer repair. The system package was still resident, but user-level registration was MIA. I downloaded the official MSIX bundle, reinstalled it, and then manually re‑registered the package using its AppxManifest. That restored the user‑level WindowsApps directory and recreated the shims — including winget.exe.

But one last puzzle remained: even with the shim present, Windows still didn’t recognize the command. The culprit turned out to be the PATH. During the earlier corruption, Windows had silently dropped this critical entry:
%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\WindowsApps

Without that, no packaged app alias can resolve. Adding it back with setx, signing out, and signing back in finally brought the entire chain back to life. winget -v lit up instantly.

In the end, the repair touched nearly every layer of the Windows package‑servicing stack: NTFS ACLs, TrustedInstaller ownership, AppX registration, user‑level activation, and environment variables. It was a rare, deep, and oddly satisfying recovery — the kind of fix you document not just for others, but for the story it tells.
And now WinGet is fully operational again.

I’m celebrating the occasional “happy ending” that’s so rare in Windows-World. If you’re lucky you’ll never have cause to do likewise. But if this ever happens to you, here’s a trail of breadcrumbs to lead you out of that forest…

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NVIDIA Enters Windows on ARM Field

Here’s an interesting bit of news: AI heavyweight NVIDIA enters Windows on ARM field, as discussion of its N1 and N1X SoC offerings proliferate. These stories are popping today (Jan 20) but rumors have apparently been flying since last year. I got my info from WinBuzzer, but other key stories from TechRadar, DigiTimes, Tom’s Hardware, and more, are also worth a peek. Qualcomm’s exclusivity looks ready to expire, and x86/AMD64 CPUs likely to get even more competition soon.

As NVIDIA Enters Windows on ARM Field, Here’s What’s Known

The initial offering involves two “system-on-a-chip” (SoC) architectures known as N1 and N1X. According to WinBuzzer (confirmed at other sources) “the N1 designation likely targets desktops while N1X focuses on notebooks…” Deeper technical details are still emerging but here are some broad possibilities:

  • 20-core ARM CPU designed with MediaTek
  • 10 Cortex-X925 performance cores
  • 10 Cortex-A725 efficiency cores
  • NVIDIA Blackwell GPU
  • Built on TSMC 3mm process
  • NPU delivers up to 1000 TOPS for AI
  • Includes 128GB RAM shared between CPU & GPU

That certain raises the bar from where things stand with either generation of Snapdragon X processors (shipping X1 variant since last year, X2 planned for Q126 delivery).

Things Could Get Interesting…

The big news here, of course, is that NVIDIA is building in GPU capabilities that match their current discrete and laptop 5070 class devices. Qualcomm’s offerings have delivered sufficient computing power and astounding battery life. But their Adreno GPUs are underpowered for serious gaming, 3D modeling, simulations, and other display-intensive workloads.

Looks like NVIDIA is throwing down a gauntlet in the Windows marketplace. This should make life interesting for everybody, including prospective buyers, but also intel, AMD, Qualcomm. The biggest PC OEMs are already on board. Look out Windows-World, here comes another 800lb gorilla!

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CrapFixer Gives ASUS A14 Low Bloat Rating

One of the “interesting parts” of new machine intake is the process of removing things the system maker installs that you don’t want. This is often called “debloating” or “degunking.” I’m adding this to my intake process going forward, and reporting on it today, because I’m mostly convinced that the GitHub CrapFixer project does a good job of taking stock and reporting on unwanted apps (among many other things). I just ran it on my newest Copilot+ PC, and I’m pleased to report that CrapFixer Gives ASUS A14 low bloat rating. I’ll explain…

How CrapFixer Gives ASUS A14 Low Bloat Rating

I’m basing my “low bloat rating” on the information that appears in the lead-in graphic. It’s the CrapFixer “Analyze” output that shows up under the “APPS ANALYSIS” heading. Indeed, there are 17 entries there. BUT inspection reveals that none of these items come from third parties: they are items included by default in a normal Windows 11 installation.

That ties into the definition or bloatware or crapware that I think makes most sense. That definition: software apps from third parties that at least some user neither want nor need on their PCs. Frequent examples include:

  • Trial AntiVirus Suites: McAfee, Norton, Trend Micro, etc.
  • Cloud Storage trials: Dropbox, Box, etc.
  • Media/entertainment trials: Netflix, Spotify, etc.
  • Game trials or freemium games: Candy Crush, Hidden City, etc.

The ASUS A14 Zenbook includes none of these, except stuff that Microsoft bundles with the OS. That’s about as low as bloat gets. For the record, my recently-added Lenovo ThinkCentre Neo 50q gets the same rating, for the same reason.

Here in Windows-World bloatware is not uncommon on new PCs and laptops. It’s nice when little or none presents. And both ASUS and Lenovo make third-party offers available for owners thru their update apps (MyASUS and Lenovo Vantage, respectively). But they don’t preinstall them on their PCs. Good -oh!

 

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ARM Desktop: Neo 50q Pros and Cons

OK, then. I’ve been playing and working with the Lenovo ThinkCentre neo 50q for a couple of weeks now (see my Jan 9 first looks post). Now that it’s been in harness for a bit, I can speak more to what this tiny PC can — and can’t — do. I’ll lay out this ARM desktop (Neo 50q) pros and cons for your consideration. Let’s go…

Considering ARM Desktop: Neo 50q Pros and Cons

The lead-in graphic speaks indirectly to one of my profound reservations about this otherwise nifty mini-PC: the CPU is too under-powered for it to qualify as a Copilot+ PC. Note the model appears as X126100. Its NPU is rated at 45 TOPS but it’s neither a Snapdragon X Elite nor X Plus model. Thus, it doesn’t make the grade, and ships without the Copilot AI namespace, and does not appear on the Microsoft Copilot Plus list. This quibble boils down to: why acquire an ARM desktop if it’s not Copilot+ capable? Good question!

Neo 50q Pros

That’s where the pros for this unit come into play — namely:

  • Compact form factor: works well for small footprint workspaces
  • Incredibly quiet operation: I’ve heard the fan come on only a handful of times in two weeks. When it does it’s still pretty quiet.
  • Low power draw: the overall PC sips rather than sucks power (5-9 W at Windows desktop, 10-18 W normal load; 26 W peak)
  • Instant-on startup: ARM works well with Modern Standby so the unit wakes in 2-3 seconds. Boot & restart times are also  speedy.
  • Enough oomph for everyday computing: handles office apps, surfing & email, Teams & Zoom sessions with aplomb
  • Enterprise-friendly security capability: Pluton support, hardened drivers, Secure Boot & Modern Standby make Neo 50q a good fit for managed environments and secure for standalone use
  • First ARM desktop available, and reasonably affordable at US$589 (does need monitor; mouse & keyboard included)

Neo 50q Cons

Let’s contrast this to the Neo 50q’s various cons — to wit:

  • No Copilot+ capability may deter some users, but only 2-5% of PCs sold today meet those requirements
  • USB-C port does not support Thunderbolt 4 or USB4
  • Limited upgradeability: RAM is soldered. only 1 M.2 slot, no PCIe expansion
  • ARM still imposes some compatibility and performance limitations: some apps won’t run while others run more slowly
  • ARM Adreno GPU limits graphics so it won’t handle serious games nor heavy creativity workloads

Net-Net: Good for Students & Office workers

I give the Neo 50q lots of points for cute, quiet, low power and minimal maintenance requirements. But it’s not a powerhouse by any stretch. It fits well into dorm rooms, home offices and business workspaces for people who need basic computing services. The Neo 50q won’t serve well for those who need more horsepower, who write code or create/edit videos. It can’t (and won’t) do much AI stuff of any kind.

All in all, it’s a niche product that fills that niche well but can’t wander outside those narrow boundaries. Given that the Lenovo IdeaCentre Mini X — a real Copilot+ mini-desktop — lists for US$1365, the next step up is a pretty big one. This will make the Neo 50q very appealing for some, and not at all for others. For myself, I like it very much for what it is and can live with what it isn’t.

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Intel Graphics DSA Update Weirdness

It’s strange. I just got a notification on the Lenovo ThinkPad X12 Hybrid tablet that Intel DSA had 3 updates pending: Bluetooth, Graphics and Wi-Fi. Of the three, BT and Wi-Fi went swimmingly. The graphics update, however, hung in unexpected ways. That’s how I found myself fixing Intel Graphics DSA update weirdness minutes ago. The trick is fortuitous, as I’ll explain…

Overcoming Intel Graphics DSA Update Weirdness

I have kind of a built-in timer when it comes to waiting for Windows installs to finish up. If an installer shows a progress bar, and I see no progress at all for 5 minutes, I start getting antsy. At 10 minutes, I pull the plug and kill the installer to see what happens.

Killing an installer may take varying degrees of effort. The Intel Graphics installer was well-enough behaved to respond to the “close window” controls at its upper right corner. In other, more stubborn cases, I’ve been known to resort to Task Manager, where I’ll find and kill the installer process itself. Sigh.

Imagine my surprise when the DSA installer reported success in installing the new Graphics driver. Seems that their current installer had finished, but simply neglected to update the UI to report said progress.

As Luck Would Have It…

My impatience spurred me into doing exactly the right thing. I’ve had other Windows installers hang, where killing the installer meant I had to start over and install again. In some more extreme cases, I first had to clean up the leftovers from the hung installer before a new install would work. That’s where a tool like Revo Uninstaller (in “Hunter Mode”) can be helpful: if you can find a UI trace left behind –such as the DSA notification tray icon — you can use it to help you clean up.

All I can say is “Thank goodness no cleanup was needed.” Here in Windows-World, when things get messy, they can really suck up some serious time. I ran into that last Monday, when WinGet in my primary MSA got profoundly bollixed. Go figure!

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Odd Restart Following KB5074109

Yesterday was Patch Tuesday. This morning, I checked over the fleet to make sure all had gone well. With one exception — the Lenovo ThinkPad P16 Gen1 — it had. But the P16 showed me a restart behavior I’d never seen before.  Indeed, I can only observe this machine experienced an odd restart following KB5074109. Let me explain what happened…

Delineating Odd Restart Following KB5074109

Some of this oddity is no doubt self-induced. I fired off the restart command in Windows Update through an RDP session. That closed the remote desktop session on the client. On the P16 host, the logged-in Windows session kept running. The desktop stayed visible, and the Start menu popped up in response to the usual cursor activity. But apps didn’t work, and I couldn’t open settings to fire off the restart command again. Even more interestingly, the power button in the Start menu didn’t work either. How to force a restart?

WinKey-X let me open an administrative Windows Terminal session. From there I used shutdown /r /f /t 0, where /r tells Windows to restart, /f summarily kills any open apps that might otherwise block restart (seemed like a good idea to me, given circumstances), and /t 0 tells shutdown to do its thing right away (in 0 seconds, that is).

That did the trick! The P16 transitioned into an “Updates underway” screen that let me know the pending updates were being applied. Then it restarted, finished the post-GUI update process, and took me to the desktop.

How do I know it worked? Edge popped up the now-customary post update browser window as the P16 finished booting to the desktop:

Problem solved, I guess. I’m not sure what caused this strange behavior. I didn’t see this on any of my other updated PCs or VMs, But then I didn’t have RDP sessions open into them at the time, either. Just another niggling little mystery here in Windows-World. Just another normal day…

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Diving Into Recovery Media Rabbithole

I went down a number of dead ends yesterday, trying to restore WinGet to proper operation on my Flo6 AMD desktop. One of the more interesting and frustrating alleys I banged around in involved building bootable recovery media for Windows 11. At first,  I tried to get Copilot to steer me through, but found myself wandering in circles. So I turned to the built-in RecoveryDrive.exe tool. Diving into recovery media rabbithole took longer than I wanted, but gave me what I needed. I’ll explain…

Diving Into Recovery Media Rabbithole Requires Escape

Copilot had me formatting two partitions (UEFI: 1024MB; NTFS: rest of UFD), copying files, creating boot configuration data, and more. Only problem I had was that creation and management of the runtime environment ramdisk kept falling over sideways.

After my third failed attempt to create such a drive from scratch, I turned to the built-in Recovery Drive facility inside Windows 11 itself. (Visit Settings, search for “recovery drive” and it’ll take you right there.) This took a long-ish while to complete (about 45 minutes, all told). But it did what I needed it to do, and let me attempt AppX provisioning and repairs on a quiescent Windows image. That didn’t work out so well for me, but it did make it possible for me to learn some new PowerShell and Command Prompt tricks. I even got a couple of chances to dig into Safe Mode boot on my production desktop.

File layout for the Recovery Media looks like a typical Windows Setup disk (it can do that, too).

Desktop Fights Alternate Boot-ups: I Fight Back

At first, I was a bit stymied by the unwillingness of the Windows repair boot screen to field function keys (F1 for UEFI, F11 for boot menu, and so forth). But after a while, I learned how to work around those hurdles. Msconfig came in handy for getting into Safe Mode, while various flavors of the shutdown command let me access UEFI, alternate boot options, troubleshooting menus, and more.

The day was not a total loss, but it did throw me behind schedule on some project work. Today, I’m nosing the grindstone as I start to catch up. And isn’t that just the way things too often go, here in Windows-World?

 

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Primary Desktop: Something Profoundly Wrong

I’ve been fighting dragons here at Chez Tittel all day long. On my primary desktop, something profoundly wrong is dogging my steps, and docking my productivity. I can’t boot to a recovery drive to fix a relatively simple problem with application package provisioning. Behind the scenes, something is amazingly weird, and blocking my every move to try to get things fixed. Let me explain…

More About Primary Desktop: Something Profoundly Wrong

It all started with WinGet. It (Microsoft.AppInstaller) wouldn’t update  properly . I went through a lengthy and trying series of misadventures (that took the best part of a full day). I only slowly determined the ed@edtittel.com account profile was thoroughly messed up.

First, I went through three iterations building a WinRE (Windows Recovery Environment) bootable USB flash drive. I realized something fundamental and serious was broken. Copilot says it’s not because of any of these:

  • Not a bad install.
  • Not a missing EXE.
  • Not a PATH issue.
  • Not a system‑wide problem.

Rather, it’s a borked reparse point. It’s coupled with missing shims inside user-level WindowsApps and Winget folders.

A Wilderness of Errors

Here are some of errors I’ve fought today:

  • “The system cannot find the path specified”
  • Winget working in one account but not another
  • App Installer reinstall not fixing anything
  • PATH looking correct but still failing
  • Winget.exe present but nonfunctional
  • Commands failing instantly with no useful error text
  • Ephemeral pop‑ups and disappearing error dialogs

TLDR: I couldn’t build a bootable WinRE UFD that worked. I’ve switched to another PC. Now, it’s the Lenovo ThinkStation P16 Gen1. It’s frustrating… But at last a bootable UFD via the Windows 11 Download page and msconfig to get into “Safe Mode” worked. That said, I never got WinGet working on my primary MSA.

An Alexandrine Solution

I’ve now been up and down, and back and forth, over the same ground. I can’t make WinGet work in my primary login. It works fine in an alternate MSA. After spending a long, long day trying to fix this, I am throwing in the towel. I can run WinGet from the old MSA, and for now, that’s good enough for me.

Sigh. Another wasted day (at least 8 hours) here in Windows-World. Sometimes, all the effort just doesn’t produce the desired outcome. It’s a real pickle!

 

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Tiny Quiet Capable ThinkCentre neo 50q

OK, then. I finally got around to unboxing and setting up the 1L (1000 cc) mini PC that Lenovo sent to me a couple of days before Christmas. I’m pleased to say the unit is reasonably speedy, tiny and amazingly quiet in operation. Indeed, the tiny, quiet capable ThinkCenter neo 50q is the first — and only — mini-PC built around Snapdragon X that I’ve been able to lay hands on. First, Qualcomm bailed on its developer kit; second, Geekcom last year promised but never delivered a mini-PC with Snapdragon X innards. Now I finally get to see how this Qualcomm CPU and chipset serves outside the laptop space…

Deets: Tiny, Quiet Capable ThinkCentre neo 50q

It’s a bona-fide Copilot+ PC. Here’s what’s inside (including ports):

  • CPU: Snapdragon X X1-26-100 (2.97 Ghz, 8 cores)
  • OS: Windows 11 Pro (24H2 Build 26100.7462 delivered)
  • RAM: 1x16GB LPDDR5 8448
  • NVMe: Samsung OEM 1TB M.2 2280 PCIe Gen4 TLC Opal
  • Wi-Fi: Qualcomm Wi-Fi 6E & Bluetooth 5.3
  • Dimensions: 179×182.9×36.5mm (Lenovo says “1L”; it’s ~1.2L)
  • Front ports: USB-A (10Gbps), USB-C (10 Gbps), mini-RCA
  • Rear ports: 4xUSB-A (10 Gbps), HDMI 2.1, DP 1.4a, GbE (RJ-45)

What’s startling here is no high-speed USB-4 (or 5) ports. No Thunderbolt, either. That means no high-speed video links via USB-C. That’s not great. But it also means no access to USB4 or Thunderbolt 4 docks from this unit. That’s not great, either.

A similarly equipped unit, but with 32GB RAM (not 16GB) goes for US$559 at the Lenovo Store right now. That seems like a good value proposition for a machine like this one. That said, I don’t understand why USB4 is MIA from this unit, even if only through a front port. On the plus side, there’s an open M.2 2280 NVMe slot into which you can plug another drive.

Initial Impressions: Speed, Capacity & Oomph

This is a peppy little PC. It blasts through a restart cycle (restart, boot, Windows startup, desktop) in 30-35 seconds right now. CrystalDiskMark shows decent but not killer numbers from the OEM Samsung MZVL81T0HDLB-00BLL 1TB PCIe x4 SSD:

During initial setup, I was able to download and install what I needed without experiencing any delays or noticeable (local) lag. A quick trip into DriverStore Explorer (RAPR.exe) showed only two out-of-date drivers amidst a collection of 269 items (1.24 GB total size: fairly small). The OS was pretty much up-to-date, but I did have to kill and clean up McAfee (which Lenovo ships pre-installed in trial form). Lenovo Vantage didn’t show an update button, so I had to download and install the Service Bridge and Lenovo Update to check the device to make sure everything was caught up (it was).

Net-Net: Nice But No Powerhouse

Whaddya expect for US$550? It’s pretty much on precise par with the ASUS Zenbook A14 I just picked up (for the same price, give or take, though the ASUS offers 2 USB4 capable USB-C ports at Best Buy). It looks like an eminently capable mini-desktop for run-of-the-mill users who don’t need lots of horsepower or storage space.

But so far, the Neo 50q seems like a great choice for SOHO and plain-vanilla home users. My wife has had aDell OPtiplex 7080 for 5 years now and loves it (curiously, it too qualifies as a “1L” mini-PC). I’m sure she would feel likewise about the Neo 50q, too.

As I get to know this PC better, I’ll write more.It’s been a small and quiet joy to set up and learn about so far…

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